An analysis of the impact of organizational innovation on the Dissertation

An analysis of the impact of organizational innovation on the organizational effectiveness-The case of Dell computer - Dissertation Example I would also like to thank my English teacher, ----------, who has supported me through the entire phase of the study. He has provided significant assistance towards improving my critical thinking ability, English speaking and writing skills as well as research skills. I am grateful to my parents, who have always assisted me and enhanced my motivation level. This dissertation was only possible due to their faith and positive aspect on me. Lastly, I would like to thank you all for believing in me and permitting me to chase my dreams. Executive Summary Innovation is often referred to as the driver of business or a way by which new ideas sees the light of the day in the form of different products or services. Hence, the definition makes it clear that innovation is a vital component of business. Moreover, this is the fundamental basis of value creation in organizations and is a vital enabler of competitive advantage. The importance of innovation increases to a large extent when the marke t is saturated. Similarly for Dell Computers, innovation can act as a key factor driving the business. The computer Hardware industry is being leaded by Hewlett Packard and Lenovo, but companies such as Dell have fallen behind due to the lack of innovation the system. This study therefore tried to analyze the impact of organizational innovation on the organizational effectiveness, identify the business strategy of Dell and simultaneously recommend the most fitting or appropriate strategy by which Dell can overtake Hewlett Packard as the global leader in personal computer. The study revealed that innovation is a critical element of business and companies around the world are trying to integrate it with their products, services and process delivery. It has been also identified that Dell is pursuing â€Å"broad differentiation strategy†. Although, this is allowing the company to cater to various market segments, but they were recommended to pursue best cost provider strategy. Ta ble of Contents CHAPTER I - INTRODUCTION 8 1.1 Background of the Study 8 1.2 Dell Computers: A Brief Overview 8 1.3 Rationale behind Choosing Dell 9 1.4 Economic Relevance and Scope of the Study 9 1.5 Problem Statement 10 1.6 Aims and Objectives of the Study 10 1.7 Research Questions 10 1.8 Overview of the Academic Literature 10 1.9 Methods of Study 11 1.10 Functions of Sections 11 CHAPTER II – GENERAL LITERATURE REVIEW 11 2.1 Defining Terms 11 2.2 Organizational Innovation: A Theoretical Framework 13 2.3 Significance of Innovation in Business 15 2.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Innovation in Organizations 16 2.5 Innovation as a Driver of Competitiveness 18 2.6 Impact of Product Line Extension and Diversification on Companies 18 2.7 Business Strategy & its Elements 20 2.8 Summary 21 CHAAPTER III - RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 22 3.1 Research Philosophy 22 3.1.1 Positivism 22 3.1.2 Interpretivism 23 3.1.3 Activist Philosophy 23 3.2 Research Approach 23 3.2.1 Deductive Approach 24 3 .3 Time Horizon 25 3.3.1 Cross Sectional Time Horizon 25 3.3.2 Longitudinal Time Horizon 25 3.4 Data Collection Method and Sampling 26 3.5.1 Questionnaire Survey 26 3.5.2 Focus Group Interview 27 3.5.3 Sampling 27 3.6 Data Validity and Reliability 29 3.7 Ethical Considerations 29 3.8 Limitations of the Study 30 CHAPTER 4 – DATA FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS 31 4.1 Findings from the Secondary Survey 31 4.1.1 Innovation in Dell 31 4.1.2 Dell Business Competitors 32 4.3 Business Strategy of Dell 32 4.2Findings from the

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Leadership - Essay Example Charge of the country was seized through a military coup. Initially, he had a lot of support from the public due to: Mr. Mushharaf was able to retain control and win international support through his support of the American war on terror and the subsequent attacks on Afghanistan & Iraq. The various catastrophes facing the country helped him in retaining power for almost eight years, after which he lost public as well as international support and made the decision to step down. The current President of Pakistan assumed the leadership of the largest political party, the Peoples Party, shortly after the assassination of his wife Ms. Benazir Bhutto. Capitalizing on the public sympathy, he led the party into winning election of 2008 and appointed their Prime Minister. Shortly after that, he won elections and became the president of the country. The situational factors that led him to take up the leadership role were: Mr. Asif Zardari, despite his bad reputation, is now in power and can be seen visiting various countries in the world to get international support and help to ward of the current crises of the rising world food prices, currency losing value and near default economic

Book Response Burned by Ellen Hopkins Essay Example for Free

Book Response Burned by Ellen Hopkins Essay Burned written by Ellen Hopkins Is a great novel, and worth the time to read. Burned is about a teen girl who was born and raised a Mormon; Pattyn Von Stratten she is like most teenagers growing up. Her family is extremely religious but in the same prospective her father is a drunk and very abusive. Pattyn is tired of living the fairytale of a Mormon lifestyle and ready to be energized with her own free spirit and way of life. Pattyn slowly starts to rebel against her family, school, church. While her father spends most of his time drunk; its left up to her mother to take care of the house hold and make sure everything is all in perfect running order to not upset Pattyn’s father. Pattyn begins rebelling even more so than she thought it would go. She gets suspended from school and gets sent to live with her aunt who she doesn’t even know. This is the beginning of it all the worst mistake her father could have made and where Pattyn makes decisions that are about to change her life completely. Pattyn soon falls in love with a boy names Ethan who she is bound to be attached to. Pattyn doesn’t see it but she is headed down the complete wrong path and when all she wanted is attention she’s going to get much more attention that she has intended to get. Ellen Hopkins is showing the themes of abuse and dysfunctional relationship, Pattyn’s father is an abusive drunk. I also think Hopkins is showing the theme of growing up and finding your destiny and who you are, when Pattyn is sent to live with her aunt in Nevada and basically create a whole new agenda for herself. Along with dysfunctional relationship, she’s displaying what love is like, too, when the character falls in love. I think she’s trying to prove that life doesn’t always go as planned and you have to work yourself around the problems that you find in life, and bad decision could change your life forever. I believe the main purpose of the novel is to reach out to teens. Ellen Hopkins expresses many different themes in her novel but one main theme I believe is im portant is physiological. Pattyn goes through many different stages of growing up and expressing her true self. She becomes more social with guys and becomes more of a social butterfly then the Mormon nerd she used to be. Pattyn lashes out and rebels against her family and church in many different ways. When Pattyn is set to live with her aunt she meets a boy and which she ends up in a relationship. Pattyn starts growing up and learning more about her sexual self and starts dreaming about all the what if’s. Pattyn starts to experiment with her new boyfriend Ethan and when she goes back home she shares the secret to her family that she is pregnant. Attempting to escape her fathers wrath, Pattyn and Ethan take off for California, unaware that Trevor, a perfect Mormon child who loved Pattyn, has written down the cars license plate number. When her father finds out, he calls his Highway patrolman friend to track them down, to find them on an icy road. Ethan speeds up in attempt to lose the patrolman, but loses control of his car and crashes. Pattyn wakes up in the hospital, to find out that both Ethan and their baby are dead. Her father disowns her, unable to bear the recent events. Pattyn is left with a life changing decision in the end; shoot and kill all those who caused her pain and Ethan and their babys deaths, or move on? Pattyn states that if her father would just say he loved her she would spare him. Ellen Hopkins is an amazing author and has a unbelievable way of relating to teens. Burned is just one of her fabulous novels all having a great meaning to the lives of teens. If I was asked if I would recommend Ellen Hopkins novels I would say she has a great way of reach out to teens in her books and educating them in a non-boring way and I enjoy reading and looking forward to any novel she creates.

Direct-sequence spread spectrum

Direct-sequence spread spectrum Direct-sequence spread spectrum Direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) is a modulation technique used in telecommunications. In this modulation technique, as with other spread spectrum technologies, more bandwidth is occupied by the transmitted signal than the information signal that is being modulated. In Spread spectrum modulation technique the carrier signals occur over the full bandwidth (spectrum) of a devices transmitting frequency and that is where the name Spread Features of Direct-sequence spread spectrum Ø In DSSS a sine wave is pseudo randomly phase-modulated with a continuous string of pseudo noise (PN) code symbols called chips. Each of these chips has a much shorter duration than an information bit. In effect information signal is modulated by chips sequence which is much faster. Therefore, the chip rate is much higher than information signal bit rate. Ø In DSSS the chip sequences produced by the transmitter to modulate the signal is known at receiver end and receiver uses the same chip sequences to demodulate. As same sequence chips are used at transmitter and receiver, both have to be in sync with respect to chip sequence. Transmission method of Direct-sequence spread spectrum In Direct-sequence spread-spectrum transmissions the data being transmitted is multiplied by a noise signal. The noise signal used is a pseudorandom sequence of 1 and −1 values. Also the frequency of noise signal is much higher than that of the information signal. In effect we can say that the energy of original data is spread to a much higher bandwidth than the bandwidth of information signal. We can say that the resulting signal will look like white noise, like an audio recording of static. But this noise signal will be used to reconstruct the original data at the receiver end where it will be multiplied with pseudorandom sequence of 1 and −1 values which is exactly the same sequence which was used to modulate the data signal. As 1 Ãâ€" 1 = 1, and −1 Ãâ€" −1 = 1 so multiplying two times the data signal with pseudo random sequence will restore the original signal. The process of multiplying the signal at receiving end with same chip sequence used at transmitter end is known as de-spreading. In De-spreading a mathematical correlation of the transmitted PN sequence with the PN sequence at receiver is constituted. As it would have been clear by now that to reconstruct data at receiver end, transmit and receive sequences must be synchronized. It is done via some timing search process. This requirement of synchronization of transmitter and receiver can be considered as drawback. But this drawback gives a significant benefit also. If we synchronize sequences of various transmitters, the relative synchronization which we will do for receiver can be used to determine relative timing. This relative timing can be used to determine receivers position if transmitters position is known. This is used in many satellite navigation systems. Process gain is effect of enhancing signal to noise ratio on the channel. The process gain can be increased by using a longer PN sequence and more chips per bit. But there is a constraint here that physical devices which are used to generate the PN sequence have practical limits on attainable processing gain. If a transmitter transmits a signal with a PN sequence the de-spreading process give a process gain if we demodulate it with same PN sequence. It does not provide any process gain for the signals transmitted by other transmitters on the same channel but with a different PN sequence or no sequence. This is the basis of for the code division multiple access (CDMA) property of Direct-sequence spread spectrum. This property allows multiple transmitters to share the same channel. But this is limited by cross-correlation properties of PN sequences. We can consider the transmitted signal will be roughly a bell shaped enveloped centered on the carrier frequency (same as in AM transmission) but the noise which we add causes the distribution to be wider. As this description suggests, a plot of the transmitted waveform has a roughly bell-shaped envelope centered on the carrier frequency, just like a normal AM transmission, except that the added noise causes the distribution to be much wider than that of an AM transmission. If we compare frequency-hopping spread spectrum with Direct-sequence spread spectrum then we will find that frequency-hopping spread spectrum pseudo-randomly re-tunes the carrier, instead of adding pseudo-random noise to the data. This retuning of carrier results in a uniform frequency distribution whose width will be determined by the output range of the pseudo-random number generator. Benefits of Direct-sequence spread spectrum Jamming resistance for intended or unintended jamming. A single channel is shared among multiple users. Interception is hampered due to reduced signal/background-noise level. Relative timing between transmitter and receiver is determined. Uses of Direct-sequence spread spectrum Used by European Galileo satellite navigation systems and The United States GPS systems DS-CDMA (Direct-Sequence Code Division Multiple Access) is a multiple access scheme based on Direct-sequence spread spectrum, by spreading the signals from/to different users with different codes. It is the most widely used type of CDMA. Used in Cordless phones operating in the 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz bands Used in IEEE 802.11b 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi, and its predecessor 802.11-1999. (Their successor 802.11g uses OFDM instead) Used in Automatic meter reading Used in IEEE 802.15.4 (PHY and MAC layer for ZigBee)

Private Schools vs. Public Schools Essay -- Private Schools vs. Public

Choosing between a public or a private school for one’s education is as important as deciding where to invest one’s hard-earned money—the consequences influence one’s life forever. In the United States, it is the law for every child to be educated. However, the decision as to where to go for one’s education is up to each individual. There is a great deal of debate as to which is the better option: for-profit private schools or one’s local public school. Ultimately, the decision is made regarding the individual student’s needs and capabilities; but if the opportunity is available, attending a private school is more beneficial. Private schools provide a better quality of education than public schools. Notable alumni and current pupils, specialized curriculum, as well as dedicated teachers and school pride make this possible. One of the most important attributes of any school is the people, both students and faculty members, th at are apart of it, and this is one of the leading factors in support of private schools. Students from any community can attend private, for-profit schools. These academies do not restrict pupils to a certain town or district like public schools. Because of this, students get to meet many new peers who they wouldn’t have met otherwise, and therefore see new perspectives. The best way to learn about something is to listen to those who have already experienced it. Many alumni who have graduated from various private schools went on to become successful. A scholar who studied the topic stated, â€Å"It is no coincidence that politicians, athletes, journalists, and judges are drawn from private schools† (GIC Database 1). In order to become such influential people, they first had to receive a high quality e... ...chools outperform others. Successful and influential people often come from private schools. Private schools have specialized curriculum. Private schools are selective so there’s a lot of school pride and dedicated teachers. Schooling affects what university a person applies for and goes to, and their career and hobbies. It has the power to make them the wealthiest or happiest person in the world. It can lift them to great heights. It has the power to make them the wealthiest or happiest person in the world. It can lift them to great heights. Works Cited Cloud, John. "Are Private Schools Really Better?" Time. Time Inc., 10 Oct. 2007. Web. 13 Mar. 2014. "Private versus Public." GreatSchools. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Mar. 2014. "Should private education be a moral issue for parents?" Times [London, England] 1 Feb. 2013: 21. Global Issues In Context. Web. 3 Mar. 2014.

Bill Gates Essay -- Essays Papers

Bill Gates Bill Gates was born on October 28, 1955. Gates and his two sisters grew up in Seattle. Their father, William H. Gates II, is a Seattle attorney. His late mother, Mary Gates, was a schoolteacher, University of Washington regent and chairwoman of United Way International. Bill Gates came from a very involved background dealing with politics and in the business industry. So he was pretty educated in the world as a young child. He also spent most of his time reading and learning about Business Industry which is what he liked. Bill went to Lakeside School for seventh grade at the age of 12. It was a very strict privates boys school. At first he seemed uncomfortable but eventually he found some friends that had some of the same interests as in Business and looking at computer companies. Most of his teachers seemed intimidnated by him and another group of older classmates initiative to figure out something called Teletype. You would type programs off-line on yellow paper tape and then put it into the tape reader, then dial up the computer and quickly feed the paper tape and run your program. There was a club called Mothers club that would have various rummage sales and got money to pay for the Teletype and also fees like using the Teletype. With the Teletype you have to pay for storage, computer fee and connection time. So he got a lot of experience with computers in school. In 1973, Gates enrolled at Harvard University. At Harvard Bill developed the pro...

Critical Analysis of Langston Hughes’ “I, Too” Essay

Langston Hughes wrote the poem, â€Å"I, Too† in the midst of the Harlem Renaissance, a period of Black American history which brought to light unique views of the world through the eyes of a people who were often subjugated and downtrodden. Issues of racial prejudice were prevalent during the Harlem Renaissance and segregation a fact of life. In the poem, â€Å"I,Too,† Hughes brings attention to this subjugation by portraying the life of a black male servant. He puts forth his views of the treatment other people of his race have long had to endure through the masterful use of symbolism, irony and simple diction. There are many examples of symbolism in the poem, â€Å"I, Too†. America is used as a symbol to portray the concepts of equality, diversity, and perseverance. By reminding readers that the country allowed and condoned segregation of his race, Hughes points out that although this was a form subjugation, it could be overcome. Even though America was at fault, the country still provided opportunities for those who would dare to try harder, to grow stronger, to push past the embarrassment of being labeled differently. America could still hold hope for people of any race. As well, the use of the word â€Å"I† in both the poem’s title and throughout the verses, is a symbol. Hughes uses himself as the quintessential example of his Black American heritage in a way that provokes the reader to think about he, and his race, are perceived. In using the title, â€Å"I, Too†, Langston Hughes portrays himself as yet another symbol of a portion of the American population. Repetitive use of the word â€Å"they† refers to his employers, who are presumably White, and therefore symbolize the rest of American society (Hughes, in Madden, page #). Their treatment of him, such as making him eat in the kitchen, becomes the representation of the way Black Americans, in general, are treated. By using these personal terms, Hughes has managed to employ symbolism in a way that also connects him to others. Hughes also states â€Å"I, too, sing America† and here he is using irony, as such a thing is not really possible. The irony is that he praises America and its values while at the same time drawing attention to the way he is seen as somehow inferior to others because of the color of his skin. The ending lines, which include the phrase â€Å"they’ll†¦be ashamed† are also ironic (Hughes, in Madden, page #). The poem was written to highlight the fact that Black Americans have been treated as something to be ashamed of and Hughes denounces this fact, creating irony by stating the obvious. Read Also:  Critical Essay Topic Ideas This use of irony portrays Hughes’ condemnation of certain aspects of society. The easy diction of the poem belies its deeper meaning. Through the use of simple vocabulary and rather unusual syntax, Hughes delivers a powerful message in a manner that even a casual reader can understand. Short phrases easily roll of the tongue while breaking some of them up into odd lines makes the reader think about their meaning in a different, but directed, way. By adding breaks between such passages as â€Å"tomorrow† and â€Å"I’ll be at the table†, Hughes creatively draws attention to the fact that he, and his race, will be stronger, and richer, and more respected when the White people of America least expect it (Hughes, in Madden, page #). In this way, too, does Hughes bring the tense of the poem from present to future. Hughes is adept at using diction to define the tone and deepen the understanding of underlying themes in his poetry. Langston Hughes’ reputation as an important poet and author was based on works such as â€Å"I, Too† which state a profound issue in simple terms. By analyzing the usage of symbolism, irony, and the diction Hughes employs, the more important, underlying, concepts come to light. Hughes does this by reiterating the fundamental pride and love he retains for the country of America while subtly pointing out the way Black Americans are treated as hypocritical and unfair. America is a land founded on freedoms, and equality, diversity, and perseverance are the qualities which will allow all citizens, regardless of skin color, to reach their goals and realize their dreams.